1. Hanyar Sauyawa

(1) Hanyar sauyawa ita ce cire ?asa mara kyau surface ?asa, sannan kuma a koma ?asa tare da ?asa mai kyau tare da kayan ha?in ko tampa don samar da kyakkyawan layukan. Wannan zai canza halayen masu iya ?aukar tushe na tushe da ha?aka nakasassu da iyawar da kwanciyar hankali.

Abubuwan Gina: Tona Layer Layer da za a tuba kuma a kula da kwanciyar hankali na mukuwar. tabbatar da ingancin filler; ya kamata a ha?a filler a cikin yadudduka.

(2) Hanyar musayar ta vibro-musanya tana amfani da injin na VIBI na musamman don yin rawar jiki a ?ar?ashin jiragen ruwa tare da m dutse ko kuma pebbles cikin batura don samar da ?wayoyin tari. Tsarin tari da na asali tushe na samar da tushe mai ha?e don cimma manufar ?ara tushen gidaje da rage ?akewa. Gargadi na gini: iyawa mai ?aukar nauyi da sasantawa na tufar dutse da aka mur?ushe ta dogara da babba a ?arshen yanayin ?asa ta asali akan sa. Mai rauni, mafi muni sakamakon tari na dutse. Sabili da haka, dole ne a yi amfani da wannan hanyar tare da taka tsantsan yayin da aka yi amfani da shi a kan tushe mai laushi tare da ?arfin ?arfin.

(3) Rmumming (matsi) musanya hanya yana amfani da bututun ruwa ko na Ramming Hammers a cikin ?asa, don haka an sanya ?asa a cikin bututu (ko ramin jini). Tsarin tari da na asali tushe samar da tushen ha?e. Saboda matsi da ramuka, ?asa ana narkar da a gefe, ?asa ta tashi, da kuma yawan matsi na ruwa na ?asa yana ?aruwa. Lokacin da wuce haddi pore streads, ?arfin kasar gona kuma yana ?aruwa daidai. Gargadi gini: Lokacin da mai filler yashi da tsakuwa tare da kyakkyawan iko, tashar jiragen ruwa ce mai kyau a tsaye.

2. Hanyar gabatarwa

(1) Loading Expeling Hanyar kafin gina gini, hanyar saukarwa na ?an lokaci (?asa, da sauransu) ana amfani dashi don amfani da tushe, ba da takamaiman lokacin pronding. Bayan an cire tushe ya ci gaba da kammala mafi yawan sulhu da kuma damar kafuwa ya inganta, an cire nauyin kuma an gina ginin kuma an gina kayan kuma ginin ya gina. Tsarin gini da maki mabu?i: a. Yakamata kaya ya kamata ya zama daidai yake da ko mafi girma fiye da nauyin ?ira; b. Don manyan-wuri-wuri mai sa ido, ana iya amfani da motocin juji da kuma Bulldozer a hade, da matakin farko na Loading a cikin tushe mai laushi ko aiki mai laushi; c. Babban nisa na kaya ya kamata ya fi karancin ?asa na ginin, kuma ya kamata a jefa ?asa daidai; d. Kayan aiki yana aiki akan tushe dole ne ya wuce ?arshen kafuwar tushe.

(2) Ana gabatar da hanyar da ake gabatar da hanyar yashi a saman farfajiya ta laushi mai laushi, an rufe shi da Geomemramba da hatimin Geomemrane kuma an rufe shi. Ana amfani da wani famfo a cikin wuri don cire daskararren yashi a kan matattara a kan tushe a ?ar?ashin membrane. Kamar yadda iska da ruwa a cikin gida aka fitar da su, ana inganta kasar ?asa tushe. Domin hanzarta inganta kayan kwalliya, rijiyoyin yashi ko filayen filastik za a iya bushewa kafin a sanya yaran magudanar ruwa. Abubuwan gina gini: Da farko saita tsarin magudanar ruwa, wanda aka rarraba bututun matatar a kwance, da kuma seckbone fim ?in Chorevinyl, wanda ya kamata a dage farawa lokaci guda a jerin. Lokacin da yankin yayi girma, yana da kyau a sanya hannu a bangarori daban-daban; Yi lura a kan digiri na wuri, sulhu, ?abashi mai zurfi, kwance a kwance, da sauransu.; Bayan an gabatar da shi, da yadin sanduna da humus Layer ya kamata a cire. Ya kamata a biya hankali ga tasiri a kan yanayin da ke kewaye.

(3) Hanyar ruwa ta rage matakin ruwa na ruwa na iya rage matsin lamba na ruwa da kuma ?ara yawan damuwa na kai, saboda haka ingantaccen damuwa yana ?aruwa, don haka ya sanya harsashin ginin. Wannan hakika don cimma manufar gabatarwar ta hanyar rage matakin ruwa da dogaro da nauyin kai na gida. Abubuwan gine-gine: Yi amfani da maki mai kyau, maki jet ko maki mai zurfi; Lokacin da muryar ?asa mai cike da yum?u, silt, siliki da yumbu, yana da kyau a hada tare da wayoyin lantarki.

(4) Hanyar Waya: Saka Ilimin Karfe a cikin tushe kuma ka wuce kai tsaye. A ?ar?ashin aikin filin lantarki na yanzu, ruwa a cikin ?asa zai gudana daga kofa zuwa Katuri. Kada a ba da izinin ruwa a ciki da amfani da wuri zuwa famfo ruwa daga bakin kotunan, saboda haka ana rage matakin ruwan da ke cikin ?asa. A sakamakon haka, an inganta harsashin ginin kuma compated, kuma ?arfi yana inganta. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da hanyar lantarki a tare tare da exceging don hanzarta inganta kayan ha?in yum?u.

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1. Hanyar daidaitawa na sama suna amfani da tamping na manual, kayan aikin ?wayoyin ?asa, mirgina ko rawar jiki ?ara kayan masarufi don ?aukar kayan masarufi don ?aukar tauraruwar ?asa. Hakanan yana iya yin amfani da ?asa mai ?orewa. Lokacin da ruwa abun ciki na farfajiya yana da yawa ko ruwan sha na cika ?asa Layer yana da girma, lemun tsami da ciminti za'a iya dage farawa a cikin yadudduka don lissafi don ?arfafa ?asa don ?ididdigar ?asa don ?arfafa ?asa don ?ididdigar ?asa don ?arfafa ?asa don ?arin ?asa.

2. Tasirin guduma mai nauyi mai nauyi hammer mai nauyi mai nauyi tamfring shine amfani da babban ?arfin tamfrer mai ?arfi don ?aukar madaidaicin guduma mai wuya a farfajiya. Key Points na Gina: kafin ginin gwajin ya kamata a aiwatar da sigogin fasaha na kwarai, kamar yadda adadin tsallakewar lokutan lokacin da adadinsu. Daukaka na ?asa na tsagi da rami kafin tamfara ya kamata ya zama sama da ha?akawa; The danshi abun ciki na kasar gona ya kamata a sarrafa shi a cikin mafi kyawun danshi abun ciki kewayon lokacin yanayi; Ya kamata a aiwatar da tamping mafi girma a jere; Jin gaske da farko da kuma daga baya lokacin da tushen tushe ya bambanta; A lokacin aikin hunturu, lokacin da ?asa take daskarewa, ya kamata a ha?a ?asa mai sanyi ko ?asa ta ?asa ya kamata a narke ta dumama; Bayan kammala, ya kamata a cire shipoyelened wanda ya kamata a cire shi cikin lokaci ko kuma ?asa mai iyo zuwa ga ha?akar ?irar a cikin tsawan tsayayyen 1m.

3. Tagwaye mai ?arfi shine raguwa mai karfi. An jefa guduma mai nauyi daga babban matsayi daga babban wuri, yana ha?aka ?arfin tasiri akan tushe, kuma yana yawan yin twai ?asa. An daidaita tsarin barbashi a cikin ?asa mai tushe an daidaita shi, kuma ?asa ta zama mai yawa, wanda zai iya inganta ?arfin kafuwar da rage ?umbin hannu. Tsarin ginin shine kamar haka: 1) matakin shafin; 2) Sanya darajayyen tsakuwa matashi; 3) Sanya tsakuwa tsakuwa da ma'amala ta Dynamic; 4) Level da kuma cika da aka grad matashi mai cike da ruwa; 5) cikakke m sau ?aya; 6) Matsayi da kuma geotextile; 7) Abun baya da ke siye matashi mai saukar ungulu kuma mirgine shi sau takwas tare da rawar jiki. Gaba?aya, kafin manyan matattakala mai tsauri, ya kamata a aiwatar da gwaji na yau da kullun tare da fannin ba tare da 400m2 don samun bayanai da ?ira jagora da gini ba.

4. Matsayi Hanyar

1. Hanyar aiki mai ?orewa tana amfani da maimaitawa a kwance da kuma ?arshen matsi na mai ?orewa don lalata tsarin ?asa na musamman. Saboda halakar da tsari, barbashi ?asa na iya motsawa zuwa matsayin mai ?arfin makamashi, saboda ?asa ta canza daga kwance.

Tsarin gini: (1) matakin ginin ginin kuma shirya matsayin tari; (2) Motar ginin tana cikin wuri kuma rawar jiki tana nufin matsayin tari; (3) Fara rawar jiki kuma a bar shi a hankali ya nutse a cikin ?asa Layer har sai da 30 cm sama da zurfafa a yanzu, kuma ?aga rawar jiki a cikin bakin rami. Maimaita matakan da ke sama 1 zuwa 2 sau don yin laka a cikin rami na bakin ciki. (4) Zuba wani yanki na mai filler a cikin ramin, nutsar da rawar jiki a cikin filler don ?aukar shi da fadada matattarar pile. Maimaita wannan matakin har yanzu a cikin zurfin ya kai ?ayyadaddun ajiya na yanzu, da yin rikodin adadin filler. (5) Theaga Vibatrator daga cikin rami na gaba da ci gaba da gina sub na farko har sai an yi rawar jiki da kayan aiki zuwa wani matsayin tari. (6) A cikin tsarin tarihin tarihin, kowane yanki na jikin tari ya kamata ya cika bukatun na lissafin yanzu, cike adadin ri?ewa lokaci. Ya kamata a tantance asalin sigogi ta hanyar-site-site-site na gwaji. (7) Kuma ya kamata a kafa tsarin magudanar ruwa a gaba a cikin sajin gini don mai da hankali da laka da ruwa da aka kirkira yayin aiwatar da tanki mai narkewa. Za a iya ha?a laka lokacin farin ciki a ?asan tanki kullun kuma an aika zuwa wurin ajiyar wuri da aka riga aka shirya. A yadda aka ba da ruwa bayyananne a saman tanki mai narkewa ana iya sake amfani da shi. (8) A ?arshe, tari na jikin mutum na mita 1 a saman tari a saman tari a saman pile, ya kamata a dage farawa da mirgina, da sauransu, kuma ya kamata a dage farawa da compated.

2. Bututun bututu mai tsayar (cile ciles, ciles ciles, pibrate cles piles, da kuma ?aukar kaya a cikin bututu mai laushi, wanda ya kafa kayan talla Congaba tushe tare da asalin tushe.

3. Ramred tsakuwa na tsakuwa (toshe dutse mai nauyi) suna amfani da hanyoyin tafiye-tafiye don tomping na tsakuwa, da kuma tampi akai-akai don samar da cilevel pile ko toshe dutse biors.

5. Hanyar hada hanya

1. Hanya mai tsayi-matsa lamba (babbar hanyar Jetary Jotary (Motar Jetary Jotary) tana amfani da matsin lamba don fesa a cikin rami, kai tsaye yankewa tare da ?asa kuma yana wasa wani ?angare na canji. Bayan haka, ya zama wani hadewar tari (shafi) wanda ya samar da tushe guda tare tare da tushe. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da wannan hanyar don samar da tsari mai ri?e da tsari ko tsarin tsinkaye.

2. Je Je Matsakaicin Hanyar Hadawa Zuciya ana amfani dashi sosai don ?arfafa mai yum?u mai laushi. Yana amfani da ciminti slurry da ciminti (ko lemun tsami foda) kamar yadda babban wakilin ciring, da kuma amfani da shi na musamman don samar da ciro (shafi) na ?asa don samar da ciro (shafi) na ?asa don samar da ciro (shafi) na musamman (shafi) wanda ya samar da tushe na musamman tare da asalin tushe. Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da na injiniyoyi na ?asa na ciminti na ciminti na ciminti (ginshi?ai) sun dogara ne akan jerin sunadarai masu guba tsakanin wakili da ?asa. Adadin wakilin curing da aka ?ara, daidaitattun ?asa da kadarorin ?asa su ne manyan abubuwan da suka shafi kaddarorin ?asa ciminti tara (ginshi?an) har ma da ?arfin tushe. Tsarin gini: ① Saukewa ② Slurry Work ③ Slurry Isar ④ Sluring da Spraying ⑤ Feating ⑦ Maimaita ⑦ Maimaita ⑦ Maimaita ⑦ Maimaita ⑦ Sauki ⑦ Maimaita ⑦ An maimaita shi da ha?awa da ha?uwa da ha?uwa da ha?uwa ⑨ Bayan an kammala tari, tsaftace ?asa ya nannade a kan abubuwan da aka hadawa da spraying Port ?in zuwa wani matsayi na tara don gini.
6. Hanyar ?arfafa

(1) geosyntthetics shine sabon nau'in kayan injiniyan geotchnical. Yana amfani da polymers da ke tattare da rakodi kamar robsics, roba roba, da sauransu a ciki, a farfajiya ko a ciki ko kare ?asa. Geosynttentics za a iya raba su zuwa Geotextiles, GeOMBANNES, GEOMELMANEDIONSILECS DA KYAUTA GEOSYNTENTICS.

(2) ?usa na ?usa na ?asa ?irar ?asa ?usoshin ?usoshi, saka sanduna, da kuma grouting ?asa da aka kafa ta kai tsaye sanduna da aka kafa ta kaifin karfe, bututun ?arfe, bututun ?arfe. ?usa ?asa tana cikin hul?a tare da ?asa da ke kewaye da ita tsawon tsawonsa. Dogara a kan bondriction juriya game da lambar dubawa, yana inganta ?asa masarufi tare da ?asa kewaye. An yi ?usa ?asa don tilasta wajan yanayin rashin nakasar ?asa. An ?arfafa ?asa yafi dacewa da aikinsa. Kasar ?asa gaba ?aya tana samar da wani kusurwa tare da jirgin sama, saboda haka ana kiranta mai karfafa gwiwa. Kasa na ?asa ya dace da tushen tallafawa Tallafi da Sloope mai tsauri na cika wucin gadi, ?asa mai yum?u, kuma a rushe yashi sama da matakin ?asa ko bayan hazo.

(3) ?asa mai karfafa ?asa mai karfafa karfi da aka samu a cikin ?asa Layer, kuma inganta yanayin samar da ?asa, rage nakasassu da ha?aka ci gaba na ?asa. Karfafa gwiwa wani karfafa gwiwa ne a kwance. Gaba?aya, tsiri, raga, da kuma kayan filastik da ke da ?arfi mai ?arfi, manyan frossion seades, kamar zanen ?arfe na galvanized; Aluminum alumes, kayan roba, da sauransu.
7. Hanyar grouting

Yi amfani da matsin iska, matsa lamba na lantarki ko ?a'idodi na lantarki don yin allurar wasu kalmomin slurries a cikin ginin da tushe. Ruwan grurry zai iya zama ciminti slurry, ciminti turment, yumbu slurry, ligur-silicing gruting, plugging grouting da sauran superfformation, m grouting grouting. Dangane da hanyar grouting, ana iya raba shi zuwa grouting mafi girma, infutration grouting, rarrabuwa da grouthemical. Hanyar grouting tana da kewayon aikace-aikace da yawa a cikin mazadiya na ruwa, gini, hanyoyi da gadoji da filayen injiniyoyi daban-daban.

8.

1. Ana kiran ?asa mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi, wanda yake raguwa mai rauni mai rauni. An kafa shi ne a ?arshen lokacin Quaainterary kuma yana cikin kayan ha?in gwiwa ko na Kogin Kogi, Kogin Lagor, da sauransu. Na kowa yum?u mai rauni mai rauni yana silt da ?asa mai sawa. Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da na injiniya na ?asa mai laushi sun ha?a da wa?annan fannoni: (1) Properties na ruwa da yumbu mai yalwa yana da girma gaba ?aya,, wanda ?asa ce mai yumbu. M yumbu galibi duhu launin toka, duhu mai duhu, yana da mummunar wari, kuma tana da babban abu, gaba?aya silt na iya zama mafi girma daga 80%. Appoority sharhio gaba ?aya ne 1.0-1.0, wanda aka kira shi tsoka na 1.0-1.5, ana kiranta siliki yumbu, da kuma mamaki rami mafi girma fiye da 1.5 ana kiransa Svt. Saboda babban abun cikin yumbu, babban abin ruwa da kuma manomari mai yawa, kaddarorinta na kuma yana nuna halaye masu dacewa - ?arancin ?arfi, ?arancin ?arfin hali. (2) kaddarorin injiniyoyi da karfi na yumbu mai laushi yana da ?arancin ?asa, kuma ?arfin yawanci shine kawai 50 KPA, wanda ba ya wuce 70 KPe 200 kpe 200 kpe 200 kpe 200. Mai laushi mai laushi, musamman siliki, yana da babban hankali, wanda shima mai nuna alama ne wanda ke nuna shi daga yumbu gaba ?aya. Mai laushi mai laushi yana da matsala. Matsalar matsawa ta fi 0.5 MPA-1, kuma zai iya isa iyakar 45 MPA-1. Bayanin matsawa yana kusan 0.35-0.75. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, yadudduka masu yadudduka suna da yadudduka na yau da kullun ko kuma dan kadan ?asa, musamman a cikin ?asa. A cikin ?ananan ?ananan ?arancin ?arfi wani muhimmin fasalin yumbu mai laushi, wanda gaba ?aya tsakanin 10-5-10-8 cm / s. Idan yawan ?arfi shine ?anana, ?imar ingantawa tana da jinkirin sosai, ?arfin damuwa yana ?aruwa a hankali, kuma kwanciyar hankali yana ?aruwa a hankali. Wannan halayyar muhimmiyar hujja ce da ta ?untata hanyar magani da sakamako na magani. (3) halaye halaye masu laushi mai laushi mai laushi yana da karfin ?aukar ?arfi da ?arfi na girma; Abu ne mai sauki ka lalata da mara kyau bayan saukarwa; Matsakaicin nakasar shine babba da lokacin kwanciyar hankali yana da tsawo; Yana da halaye na ?arancin ?arfi, jijiyoyi da kuma babban rhornicy da babban rheology. Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita wacce ake amfani da ita sun ha?a da hanyar farawa, hanyar maye gurbin, hanyar ha?awa, da sauransu.

2. Cika da ciko hadin cika da yawa yana bayyana a wasu tsoffin wuraren da wuraren hutun masana'antu da hadi. Yana da datti ?asa hagu ko kuma rayuwar mutane da ayyukan samarwa. Wadannan tsire-tsire na datti gaba?aya suna rarrabuwa zuwa rukuni uku: ?asa mai gargajiya, ?asa mai datti, ?asa mai datti da ?asa mai ?orewa. Hanyoyi daban-daban na ?asa da datti ?asa sun tara a lokuta daban-daban suna da wuya su bayyana tare da alamun ha?in gwiwar, alamomin matsawa da alamomi marasa daidaituwa. Babban halaye na cike da kuskuren cika ba a shirya ba, hadaddun abun da ke hade, daban-daban, kaddarorin daban-daban, mara kauri da rashin daidaituwa. Sabili da haka, Shafin nan yana nuna bambance-bambance a bayyane a cikin ?awainiya da ?arfi, wanda yake da sau?in magance sasantawa mara kyau, kuma yawanci yana bu?atar maganin tushe.

3. Cika ?asa cika ?asa shine kasar gona da aka ajiye ta hanyar hydraulic cika. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin Tekun Todal Flat Bries da kuma daukar hoto ambaliyar ruwa. Dam mai ruwa mai ruwa (kuma ana kiranta cika Dam) a yankin Arewa maso Yamma shine tsatsawa tare da cika ?asa. Gidauniyar da aka kafa ta hanyar cika ?asa za a iya ?aukar ta azaman nau'in Gidauniyar ta halitta. Kayan aikin injiniya galibi sun dogara da kaddarorin na cika ?asa. Cika Gidauniyar ?asa gaba?aya tana da wa?annan mahimman halaye. (1) An ware sirindi na barbashi. Kusa da murfin laka, ana ajiye barbashi masu ganye na farko. Nesa daga mashigin laka, barbashi da aka sanya barbashi ya zama finer. A lokaci guda, babu wata hanyar strawification a cikin zurfin shugabanci. (2) Ruwa na tsayar da ruwa cika ?asa yana da girma, gaba?aya mafi girman iyaka, kuma yana cikin yanayin gudana. Bayan cikawa an dakatar da shi, saman sau da yawa ya fashe bayan cirewa na halitta, kuma ana rage yawan abun ciki sosai. Koyaya, ?ananan cika ?asa har yanzu yana cikin ?asa mai gudana lokacin da yanayin magudanar ?asa ba shi da kyau. Finer da cika ?asan ?asa, mafi fili wannan sabon abu ne. (3) Perarfin ?arfin cika tushe yana da ?asa sosai da kuma madadin yana da girma. Wannan saboda cika ?asa yana cikin yanayin da aka halitta. Gidauniyar Backfill a hankali ya kai ga jihar Contucidation na yau da kullun kamar lokacin da yake ?aruwa. Kayan Injiniyanci sun dogara da abun da ke ciki na barbashi, daidaituwa, magudin conolidation yanayin da kuma lokaci na baya bayan gida.

4. Mai cikakken sako-sako da yashi ?asa silt yashi ko kyakkyawan yashi sau da yawa yana da ?arfi sosai a ?ar?ashin nauyin a ?ar?ashin nauyin. Koyaya, lokacin da aka sanya nauyi (girgizar ?asa, rawar jiki, Ayukan da aka ha?a, da yawaitar ?asa mai yashi, ko ma rasa ?arfin saitawa. Wannan saboda barbashi ne da aka shirya sosai kuma an rarraba matsayin barbashi a karkashin aikin matsin lamba na waje da kuma ingantaccen damuwa ya ragu. Dalilin lura da wannan tushe shine sanya shi m da kawar da yiwuwar zina giya a karkashin tsauraran nauyi. Hanyoyin magani na gama gari sun ha?a da hanyar wucewa, hanyar vibroflotation, da sauransu.

5. Cike da essasa kasar gona da ke haifar da ?arin nakasa saboda tsarin danniya na tururi, ko kuma a cikin haduwa da ?asa mai nauyi na overying, ana kiransa ?asa mai nauyi. Wasu ?asa cike da ?asa suna cika ?asa. Loess ya ba da izini a cikin arewa maso gabashin China, arewa maso yamma China, tsakiyar China da sassan Gabashin Sin da sassan Gabashin China galibi yawancinsu yawancinsu ne mafi yawansu mafi yawa ba. (Loessing da aka ambata anan yana nufin essess da ?asa mai kama da ?asa. A lokacin da aiwatar da aikin injiniya a kan tushe mai gudana, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da hanyoyin da tushe na tushen da aka haifar da karamar adadin da ya haifar.

6. Kasa mai sanyaya ma'adinin ma'adinai na ?asa na ?asa da ?asa Montmorillonite, wanda ke da ?arfi hydrophility. Yana fadada a cikin girma lokacin sha ruwa da kuma raguwa a cikin girma lokacin rasa ruwa. Wannan fadada da rashin jituwa disoration galibi yana da girma sosai kuma suna iya haifar da lalacewar gine-gine. An rarraba ?asa mai fa?akawa a ?asata, kamar Guangxi, Yunnan, Henan, Hubei, Heei, Anhuu, da jianguwa da sauran wurare, tare da rarraba jijiyoyi. Kasar inna itace ce ta musamman. Hanyar kulawa ta gama gari ta ha?a da sauyawa na ?asa, inganta ?asa, pre-soaking, da kuma matakan injiniya don hana canje-canje a cikin ?asa na ?asa.

7. Kasar ?asa da ?asa ta ?asa lokacin da kasar ta ?unshi bambancin kwayoyin halitta, za a kafa ?asa daban-daban. Lokacin da kwayoyin halitta abun ciki ya wuce wani abun ciki, ana samar da ?asa peat. Yana da kaddarorin injiniyoyi daban-daban. Mafi girman kwayoyin halitta, mafi girma tasirin kan ingancin ?asa, wanda aka fi bayyana shi a cikin karfin karfi da kuma kasawa mai yawa. Hakanan yana da tasiri daban-daban akan kayan injiniya daban-daban, wanda ke da tasiri mai zurfi akan ginin injiniya kai tsaye ko tushen magani.

8 Saboda tasirin yanayin yanayin halitta da yanayin ?asa na ?asa, ana iya zama manyan katako a cikin shafin, kuma yanayin yanayin shafin yana da ?arfi kamar ?asa, laka, da gangara ya rushe. Zasu haifar da barazanar kai tsaye ko kuma yiwuwar yin gine-gine zuwa gine-gine. A lokacin da gina gine-ginen kan tushe, kulawa ta musamman yakamata a biya wa dalilai na mahalli da abubuwan da suka dace da cututtukan fata da kuma kafuwar ta zama dole.

9. Kerst Constanges, akwai sau da yawa kogons ko ?asa Kerstens, da sauran halittu, da sauransu. Suna da babban tasiri ga tsari kuma suna iya yiwuwa ga nakasassu mara kyau, ru?u da kuma subashen tushe. Saboda haka, dole ne a aiwatar da magani kafin ginin.